Water productivity simulation for irrigated farmlands in the Brantas River Basin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.082.2577Keywords:
agriculture water use, Brantas River Basin, farming land, irrigation, virtual water contentAbstract
Simulation of land and water management for the irrigated farmlands has become an interest to answer how agricultural productivity is related to the water use in a river basin. This research was undertaken in the Brantas River Basin in Indonesia, involving a modelling process with the virtual water concept as a tool to analyze water productivity. The research simulated the agricultural water demand and provided the results of the virtual water content of paddy and maize, based on the available farming land, water availability, cropping pattern and climatological conditions of the respective hydrological years of 1997 and 2011 as a benchmark. After which projections were made based on the low rainfall scenario for the years 2021 to 2025. The research concluded that the presence of excess irrigation in the tropical climates hinders the increase in agricultural productivity, and therefore, the irrigation in the Brantas River Basin needs to be improved by, among others, selecting plants with higher water productivity, developing water-sensitive cropping patterns, and water conveyance savings.References
Aldaya, M.M., Custodio, E., Llamas, R., Fernández, M.F., Garćia, J. and Ródenas, M.Ã. 2019. An academic analysis with recommendations for water management and planning at the basin scale: a review of water planning in the Segura River Basin. Science of the Total Environment 662: 755-768.
Allan, J.A. 2003. Virtual water: the water, food, and trade nexus useful concept or misleading metaphor? Water International 28(1): 4-11.
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop Evaporation (Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirement). FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, Roma, Italia.
Berbel, J., GutieÌrrez-MartiÌn, C., RodriÌguez-DiÌaz, J.A., Camacho, E. and Montesinos, P. 2015. Literature review on rebound effect of water saving measures and analysis of a Spanish case study. Water Resources Management 29: 663-678, doi: 10.1007/ s11269-014-0839-0.
Bulsink, F. Hoekstra, A.Y. and Booij, M.J. 2010. The water footprint of Indonesian provinces related to the consumption of crop products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14: 119-128, doi: 10.5194/hess-14-119-2010.
Chapagain, A.K. and Hoekstra, A.Y. 2004. Water Footprints of Nations. Volume I: Main Report. UNESCO-IHE Value of Water Research Report No. 16, Delft, The Netherlands.
Chapagain, T., Riseman, A. and Yamaji, E. 2011. Achieving more with less water: alternate wet and dry irrigation (AWDI) as an alternative to the conventional water management practices in rice farming. Journal of Agricultural Science 3(3): 3-13.
Connor, D., Loomis, R. and Cassman, K. 2011. Water management in irrigated agriculture. Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems. Cambridge University Press. Pp 384-410, doi: 10.1017/ CBO9780511974199.019.
Elbeltagi, A., Deng, J., Wang, K. and Hong, Y. 2020. Crop Water footprint estimation and modeling using an artificial neural network approach in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Agricultural Water Management 235, doi: 10.1016/ j.agwat.2020.106080.
Falkenmark, M. and Lannerstad, M. 2005. Consumptive water uses to feed humanity: curing a blind spot. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9: 15-28, doi: 10.5194/hess-9-15-2005.
FAO. 2017. Does improved irrigation technology save water? A review of the evidence. Food and Agriculture Organization., doi: 10.13140/ RG.2.2.35540.81280.
Gordon, L., Dunlop, M. and Foran, B. 2003. Land cover change and water vapour flows: learning from Australia. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London B 358: 1973-1984, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1381.
Grafton, R.Q., Williams, J., Perry, C.J., Molle, F., Ringler, C., Steduto, P., Udall, B., Wheeler, S.A., Wang, Y., Garrick, D. and Allen, R.G. 2018. The paradox of irrigation efficiency. Science 80: 361-372, doi: 10.1126/ science.aat9314.
Hoekstra, A.Y. and Hung, P.Q. 2002. Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of Water Research Report Series No.11. UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands.
L'ovich, M.I. and White, G.F. 1990. Use and transformations of terrestrial water systems.. In: Turner II, B.L., Clark, W.C., Kates, R.W., Richards, J.F., Mathews, J.T. and Meyer, W.D. (eds), The earth as transformed by human action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Lee, S.H., Choi, J.Y., Yoo, S.H. and Mohtar, R. 2018. Water footprint for Korean rice products and virtual water trade in a water-energy-food nexus. Water International 43(6): 871-886.
Lestari, W.S., Suprayogo, D. and Prijono, S. 2018. Irrigation System Vulnerability Analysis with Resilience Index in the Irrigation Area of the Brantas River Basin. Agritech 38(4): 413-423 (in Indonesian).
Levidow, L., Zaccaria, D., Maia, R., Vivas, E., Todorovic, M. and Scardigno, A. 2014. Improving water-efficient irrigation: prospects and difficulties of innovative practices. Agricultural Water Management 146: 84-94.
Liu, J. and Savenije, H.H.G. 2008. Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China. Hydrology and Earth System Science 12: 887-898, doi: 10.5194/hessd-5-27-2008.
Mankin, J.S., Viviroli, D., Hoekstra, A.Y., Horton, R., Smerdon, J. and Diffenbaugh, N.S. 2017: Influence of internal variability on population exposure to hydroclimatic changes. Environmental Research Letterrs 12(4), 044007, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa5efc.
Molden, D., Oweis, T.Y., Pasquale, S., Kijne, J.W., Hanjra, M.A., Bindraban, P.S., Bouman, B.A.M., Cook, S., Erenstein, O., Farahani, H., Hachum, A., Hoogeveen, J., Mahoo, H., Nangia, V., Peden, D., Sikka, A., Silva, P., Turral, H., Upadhyaya, A. and Zwart, S. 2007. Pathways for increasing agricultural water productivity, dalam Water for Food, Water for Life, a Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. Earthscan and International Water Management Institute, London. pp 279-310.
Muhtadi, M.I dan Iksan, M.Y.M. 2017. Efficiency of Water Supply in the Brantas Delta Irrigation Area (Mangetan Kanal Irrigation Network) to Get the Optimal Planting Pattern Using A Linear Program. Thesis, Institut Teknologi 10 November Surabaya. Indonesia (in Indonesian).
Novoa, V., Ahumada-Rudolph, R., Rojas, O., Munziaga, J., Sáez, K. and Arumi, J.L. 2019. Sustainability assessment of the agricultural water footprint in the Cachapoal River Basin. Ecological Indicators 98: 19-28.
Oweis, T. and Hachum, A. 2006. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agricultural Water Management 80: 57-73, doi: 10.1016/ j.agwat.2005.07.004.
Pandey, R.K., Maranville, J.W. and Admou, A. 2000. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment: grain yield and yield components. Agriculture Water Management 46: 1-13, doi: 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00073-1.
Pasandaran, E. and Rosegrant, M.W. 1995. Irrigation investment in Indonesia: trend and determinants. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 14(1): 1-26.
Pawitan, H., Adidarma, W., Hatmoko, W., Hadihardaja, I.K., Kodoatie, R.J., Putuhena, W.M., Sitompul, A.T.M., Sumiarsih, N.M., Sari, Y.C., Faridz, E. and Radhika. 2013. Water Tread Air and Indonesia's Water Supply Strategy. Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian).
Rockström, J. 2003. Water for food and nature in drought-prone tropics: vapour shift in rain-fed agriculture. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London B 358: 1997-2010, doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00176-0.
Rockström, J., Jansson, P. and Barron, J. 1998. Seasonal rainfall partitioning under run on and runoff conditions on sandy soil in Niger; on-farm measurements and water balance modelling. Journal of Hydrology 210: 68-92, doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00176-0.
Rosegrant, M.W., Kasryno, F. and Perez, N.D. 1998. Output response to prices and public investment in agriculture: Indonesian food crops. Journal of Development Economics 55(2): 333-352, doi: 10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00039-X.
Sayekti, R., Purwati, E. and Ismojo, M.D. 2017. Simulation of water use index (IPA) for saving of irrigation water in Sonosari and Pakis of Malang Regency. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan 8(2): 241-251, doi: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2017.008.02.10 (in Indonesian).
Scott, C., Vicuña, S., Blanco-GutieÌrrez, I., Meza, F. and Varela-Ortega, C. 2014. Irrigation efficiency and water-policy implications for river basin resilience. Hydrology Earth System Sciences 18: 1339-1348, doi: 10.5194/hess-18-1339-2014.
Simons, G.W.H., Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Cheema, M.J.M., Ahmad, B. and Immerzeel, W.W. 2020. A novel method to quantify consumed fractions and non-consumptive use of irrigation water: application to the Indus Basin Irrigation System of Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management 236: 1-14, doi: 10.1016/ j.agwat.2020.106174.
SUDP. 1997. Surabaya River Improvement and Pollution Control Project. Final Report Volume 4 Annex F. Surabaya Urban Development Program (SUDP). IBRD Loan 3726-IND SURIPCAPS.
van der Zaag, P. and Carmo-Vaz, A. 2003. Sharing the Incomati waters, cooperation and competition in the balance. Water Policy 5: 340-368, doi: 10.2166/wp.2003.0021.
van Huynh, C., Scheltinga, C.T. van, Pham, T.H., Duong, N.Q., Tran, P.T., Khanh-Nguyen, L.H., Pham, T.G., Nguyen, N.B. and Timmerman, J. 2019. Drought and conflicts at the local-level: establishing a water sharing mechanism for the summer-autumn rice production in Central Vietnam. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 7(4): 362-375, doi: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.07.001.
van Noordwijk, M., Kim, Y.S., Leimona, B., Hairiah, K. and Fischer, L.A. 2016. Metrics of water security, adaptive capacity, and agroforestry in Indonesia. Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability 21: 1-8, doi: 10. 1016/j.cosust.2016.10.004.
Wahida. 2005. Estimation of Technical Efficiency Level of Rice and Palawija Farming in Brantas River Waters: Application of the Stochastic Production Frontier Approach. Thesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Indonesia (in Indonesian).
WB. 2011. East Java Growth Diagnostics, Identifying the Constraints to Inclusive Growth in the Indonesian Second-Largest Province. World Bank, REDI and Government of East Java. World Bank.
Xu, M., Wang, X.M., Sun, T., Wao, H., Li, X.M. and Kang, S.C. 2019. Water balance change and its implications to vegetation in the Tarim Basin Central Asia. Quartenary International 523: 25-36, doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.06.011.
Zhang, X.X., Liu, J.G., Zhao, X., Yang, H., Deng, X.Z., Jiang, X.H. and Li, Y.P. 2019. Linking physical water consumption with virtual water consumption: methodology, application and implications. Journal of Cleaner Production 228: 1206-1217, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.297.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Scientific Journal by Eko Handayanto is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://ub.ac.id.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://ircmedmind.ub.ac.id/.